Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Beta-2-microglobulin stimulates neutrophil phagocytosis of bacteria and apoptotic cells

doi: 10.1101/2025.10.30.685267

Figure Lengend Snippet: Efferocytosis of apoptotic Jurkat cells labeled with CellTrace™ Violet by CD66b-positive granulocytes stained with CellTrace™ Far Red was examined under various conditions. (A) PMNs were exposed to varying concentrations of β2m or dK58β2m in the presence of apoptotic Jurkat cells. (B) PMNs were treated with apoptotic cells alone or in combination with 50 µg/ml β2m, 50 µg/ml dK58β2m, 100 ng/ml GM-CSF, or combinations thereof. (C-D) PMNs were treated with apoptotic Jurkat cells with 50 µg/ml β2m (C) or dK58β2m (D) combined with 10 or 25% human AB serum. In all experiments, a 4:1 apoptotic cell-to-PMN ratio was used. Treatment with 100 ng/ml GM-CSF served as a positive control, and pre-incubation with 10 µg/ml cytochalasin D (cyto D) served as a negative control. Results are shown as mean ± SD of double-positive PMNs. Sample sizes were n=6 or n=4 (A), n=10 (B), and n=8 or 3 donors (C and D). Group comparisons were analyzed using mixed-effects analysis and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (A, C, and D) or repeated-measures ANOVA and Tukey’s multiplecomparisons test(B). Statistical significance is indicated by *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: The human T lymphoblast cell line Jurkat (TIB-152TM, ATCC®) was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 1% L-glutamine, 1% penicillin and streptomycin, and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Corning, #35–079-CV) at 37°C with 5% CO 2 .

Techniques: Labeling, Staining, Positive Control, Incubation, Negative Control

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Immunomodulatory Effects of Lactobacillus brevis NES-428 in a Hyperthyroidism Mouse Model: Potential Applications for Graves’ Disease

doi: 10.3390/nu17182967

Figure Lengend Snippet: NES-428 modulates pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine transcription in Jurkat T cells. In the non-treated (NC) group, the cells were simply maintained for 24 h without any stimulation. In the stimulated control (ST) group, the same number of cells was exposed to 50 ng/mL of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and 1 µg/mL ionomycin for 6 h. For the NES-428 group, Jurkat cells were first incubated for 24 h with heat-killed NES-428, after which they were stimulated by 50 ng/mL PMA and 1 µg/mL ionomycin for 6 h. Total RNA was extracted from each group, and cytokine expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Relative mRNA expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ was shown. NC = untreated control; ST = stimulated positive control. Data represent mean ± SD of three independent experiments; p < 0.05 vs. NC.

Article Snippet: To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of NES-428, the human T lymphocyte cell line Jurkat (ATCC TIB-152) was employed for cytokine expression analysis.

Techniques: Control, Incubation, Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Positive Control